Feeding Nigerian Dwarf goats appropriately is crucial for their health and productivity. Generally, Nigerian Dwarf goats require about 1.5 to 2% of their body weight in feed daily. Given their small size, this often translates to roughly 1/4 to 1/3 pound of grain per goat per day. However, this can vary based on the goat’s age, activity level, and whether they are pregnant or lactating. Always ensure they have access to quality hay and fresh water alongside their grain diet.
Grain Quantity During Nigerian Dwarf Goat Lifecycle
Kids (Birth to Weaning)
Initially, kids rely on their mother’s milk. At about two weeks, you can introduce a small amount of grain as they start to nibble on solid food. Gradually increase this as they grow, but their primary nutrition source should still be milk until weaning at around 8 to 10 weeks.
Growing Goats (Weaning to Maturity)
After weaning, you can provide about 1/4 to 1/2 pound of grain per day, depending on the goat’s growth and health. Quality hay and pasture should form the bulk of their diet to ensure proper development.
Adults (Maintenance)
Adult Nigerian Dwarf goats typically need 1/4 to 1/3 pound of grain per day. This amount should be adjusted based on their activity level, overall health, and body condition.
Pregnant and Lactating Does
Pregnant does in the last trimester, and lactating does may require more grain to support fetal growth and milk production. This could be about 1/2 to 3/4 pound per day, adjusted for individual needs. Monitor their body condition and adjust accordingly.
Breeding Bucks
During the breeding season, bucks may need slightly more grain to maintain their energy and body condition, but be cautious not to overfeed, as obesity can be a health concern.
Also Read: How Much Grain To Feed Pygmy Goats?
Best Grains to Feed Nigerian Dwarf Goats
Alfalfa Pellets
Alfalfa is a high-protein legume, and its pellets are an excellent feed choice, especially for pregnant or lactating does who need extra protein. It’s also rich in calcium, which is beneficial for bone health. However, it should be fed in moderation to non-lactating adults to avoid excessive weight gain.
Oats
Oats are a safer grain option as they are less likely to cause bloating than other grains. They provide energy and are high in fiber, which is good for digestion. Oats also have a decent protein content, making them a well-rounded feed option.
Barley
Barley is another good grain for goats. It provides energy and is relatively high in protein. It’s often used in a mixed grain ration and is known for its palatability. However, barley should be processed (crimped or rolled) for better digestibility.
Corn
Corn is high in energy and is often used in goat diets, especially in colder months when goats need more energy to maintain body heat. However, it’s low in protein and fiber, so it should be part of a balanced diet that includes other grains and roughage.
Soybean Meal
While not a grain, soybean meal is often included in grain mixes for its high protein content, which is crucial for growth, milk production, and overall health. It’s particularly beneficial for lactating does and growing kids.
How much Salt, Minerals, and Vitamins Nigerian Dwarf Goats Need?
Salt
Nigerian Dwarf goats need access to free-choice salt to help regulate body fluids and support nerve and muscle function. A typical recommendation is to provide a loose salt or a salt block available at all times, allowing goats to self-regulate their intake.
Minerals
Essential minerals like calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, and trace elements (copper, zinc, selenium, etc.) are vital. A commercial goat mineral mix, offered free-choice, usually suffices. Ensure the mineral mix is specifically formulated for goats to maintain the correct balance, especially between calcium and phosphorus.
Vitamins
Goats generally acquire sufficient vitamins (A, D, E, and B-complex) from a well-balanced diet of quality forage, grains, and minerals. However, in some cases, like limited sunlight exposure or poor-quality forage, supplementation may be necessary. Vitamin A is important for reproduction and vision, Vitamin D for bone development, and Vitamin E for muscle and nerve function.
Water Requirements of Nigerian Dwarf Goats
Water is a crucial component of a Nigerian Dwarf goat’s diet for their overall health and well-being. These goats should always have access to fresh, clean water. The amount of water they consume can vary based on age, size, diet, activity level, and environmental conditions.
On average, goats drink between 2 to 4 liters (approximately 0.5 to 1 gallon) of water daily. Pregnant or lactating does, and those in hot climates, may require more water. Regularly cleaning and refilling water containers is vital to encourage goats to drink the necessary amounts.