When feeding hay to a goat, the general guideline is to provide about 2% to 4% of the goat’s body weight in hay per day. For example, a 50-pound goat would need approximately 1 to 2 pounds of hay daily.
The exact amount can vary based on the goat’s age, health, and activity level. It’s important to ensure the hay is of good quality and to complement their diet with proper minerals and fresh water. Regular monitoring of their health and weight will help in adjusting their feed as necessary.
Goat Lifecycle and Hay Feeding
Kids (Birth to Weaning)
Kids start to nibble on hay by a few weeks old, but their primary nutrition source is their mother’s milk or a milk replacer. A small amount of hay (alfalfa is preferable due to its higher protein and calcium content) can be introduced gradually.
Weaned Goats (2-6 months)
After weaning, kids rely entirely on solid food. They typically consume about 2.5% to 3% of their body weight in hay daily. Quality alfalfa or a mixed hay is ideal to support their growth.
Growing Goats (6-12 months)
Growing goats require 2% to 4% of their body weight in hay daily. A mix of alfalfa and grass hay can meet their nutritional needs without causing excessive weight gain.
Adult Goats
Adult goats generally need 2% to 3% of their body weight in hay daily. Grass hay or a mix is often sufficient, although lactating does or very active bucks might benefit from the additional protein in alfalfa hay.
Senior Goats
Older goats may have dental issues and struggle with tough hay. They need about 2% of their body weight in softer, high-quality hay, potentially supplemented with other easily digestible fibers.
Pregnant and Lactating Does
During the last trimester of pregnancy and while lactating, does require more nutrients. They may need up to 4% of their body weight in high-quality hay, preferably alfalfa, to meet the increased protein and calcium demands.
Best Hay to Feed Goats
Alfalfa Hay
Alfalfa hay is high in protein, calcium, and energy, making it an excellent choice for pregnant, nursing, or growing goats. It promotes good health and milk production but should be fed in moderation to prevent urinary calculi in bucks.
Clover Hay
Clover hay, like alfalfa, is rich in protein and nutrients, beneficial for young and lactating goats. However, it should be fed carefully as it can cause bloating if consumed in large quantities.
Grass Hay
Grass hay, including timothy, orchard, and brome, is lower in protein and calcium than alfalfa and clover. It’s ideal for maintaining adult goats’ health, especially those not pregnant or lactating, as it prevents excessive weight gain and urinary issues.
Mixed Hay
Mixed hay combines grass and legume (like alfalfa or clover) hays, offering a balanced protein and fiber diet. It’s suitable for all life stages, helping to maintain goats’ overall health and well-being.
Alternates of Hay to Feed Goats
- Chaffhaye: Chaffhaye is fermented alfalfa or grass that provides goats with probiotics and enzymes. It’s highly digestible, making it excellent for goats with sensitive digestive systems.
- Beet Pulp: Beet pulp is a fibrous byproduct of sugar beet processing. It’s a good energy source and can supplement hay, especially in winter.
- Silage: Silage, fermented green forage, is a good alternative to hay. It provides essential nutrients but must be prepared and stored correctly to prevent spoilage.
- Grain Mixes: Grain mixes offer additional energy and protein to goats. They should be given in moderation to prevent digestive issues and obesity.
- Garden Waste: Vegetable scraps and garden waste can be a good supplement to a goat’s diet. Ensure they are free from pesticides and not harmful to goats.
- Tree Leaves and Branches: Goats enjoy browsing on tree leaves and branches, such as willow, poplar, and mulberry. They provide variety and additional nutrients to the goats’ diet.
How much Water Goats need?
Goats typically require about 2 to 3 gallons of water daily, but this amount can vary based on the goat’s size, diet, activity level, and weather conditions. Lactating does and goats in hot climates may need more water. It’s crucial to always provide clean, fresh water, as water is essential for digestion and overall health. Regularly checking and refilling water sources is important to ensure goats stay well-hydrated.
What else should I Feed my Goat other than Hay?
- Grain Feeds: Commercial goat pellets or grain mixes can supplement a goat’s diet, especially for pregnant, lactating, or growing goats. These feeds provide extra energy and protein but should be given in moderation to prevent obesity and digestive issues.
- Minerals: Goats need a balanced mineral supplement, particularly calcium, phosphorus, and trace minerals like selenium and copper. Loose mineral mixes designed for goats are preferable to blocks, as they are easier for goats to consume.
- Fresh Water: Clean, fresh water is essential for goats at all times. It aids in digestion, nutrient absorption, and overall health.
- Browse and Forage: Goats are natural browsers and enjoy a variety of vegetation, like leaves, shrubs, vines, and weeds. This not only provides them with nutrients but also satisfies their natural foraging behavior.
- Vegetables and Fruits: Small amounts of fruits and vegetables can be a healthy treat for goats. Items like carrots, apples, pumpkins, and leafy greens are popular, but they should be given in moderation.
- Vitamin Supplements: Depending on their diet and living conditions, some goats may require additional vitamins, particularly vitamins A, D, and E. Consult with a veterinarian to understand if your goats need these supplements.